Generation Y Essay -- Youth Papers

Age Y Your age is only a lot of PC dependent good-for-nothings. You kids couldn't care less about anything. These expressions and others can be caught originating from the mouths of children of post war America, those conceived somewhere in the range of 1946 and 1964, and other Generation Y ancestors. What was the deal? Throughout recent years, Generation Y, those conceived among 1977 and now, have been seen adversely (Alch 1). In spite of the fact that the beginnings of the good-for-nothing title are dubious, the term has absolutely stuck. It could be viewed as a fitting title. All things considered, Generation Y performs inadequately in school, has no inspiration to work, and doesn't engage with the issues, isn't that so? Well no, not actually. Age Y is to a great extent misconstrued. They're entirely worried about what goes on around them and are working more earnestly than at any other time. These individuals are well en route to reshaping society as we probably am aware it. Age Y is a certain age, with high confidence. They are stubborn and esteem their security (Article 15 1). They have a solid hard working attitude and have grown up understanding the electronic economy. In contrast to their ancestors, Generation Y has shown an awareness of other's expectations by having low maintenance occupations while in secondary school and school. Regularly, they even assistance pay for their tutoring (Alch 1). Plainly, it merits taking a second look before rashly making a decision about this age. Without a doubt, youthful Americans are dependent on the PC, however is there any valid reason why they wouldn't be? Age Y, otherwise called the reverberation blast age, has grown up computerized. Disregard them purchasing journals for school, they're purchasing workstations and zip plates. Circumstances are different thus have their core interests. As opposed to prevalent thinking, this new age sets their sights high t... ...ey're enjoying some real success on the innovation wave, as well, and are a dedicated, centered individuals. Now they unquestionably have the advantage by understanding the innovation the remainder of the world can't get a handle on. Upon closer assessment, Generation Y may even have a specific magnetism that the people born after WW2 need. Reference index: Works Cited Alch, Mark. Prepare for the net age. Society for the Advancement of Education 2000. 7 November 2000. Article 15. 7 November 2000. New study shows that most youthful grown-ups have solid assessments on top crusade issues, however many still not wanting to cast a ballot. 25 September 2000. The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation 11 November 2000. Raising Student Achievement. White House. 11 November 2000. What happened the year you were conceived? SLACK Incorporated. 11 November 2000.

Writing a Persuasive Essay

Writing a Persuasive EssayWriting a persuasive essay requires a lot of practice and dedication. No matter how good you are at writing, if you don't put the time into it, your essay will not be as effective as it could be. In order to write a persuasive essay, you need to keep the following points in mind:-The subject matter should match the style of argumentative essays. If your audience is more academic, you may want to avoid arguing with them directly. Instead, your essay will need to be written in a style that will make them more receptive to your arguments.-Keep in mind that students don't read for facts; they read for information. In order to convince your audience, you need to get to the core of the argument. Don't keep your argument too deep; rather, make your arguments easier to understand.-As with any persuasive essay, there should be some kind of action or outcome in your argument. Present the reader with an argument and, when the conclusion is reached, offer some sort of r eward or incentive. The more your audience engages in the process of reaching their own conclusions, the more likely they are to take action. People like being rewarded for their own efforts, and they like their actions to have a purpose.-Writers should also pay attention to their readers. Students are naturally more receptive to their elders. By having their senior write a persuasive essay, they can reach their seniors directly and ensure that their seniors read it with interest. They can also make their senior see how important it is to be persuasive.-Keep in mind that the audience will be looking for something in your essay. Give them what they want. For example, if your audience wants information, offer a brief description of the topic. If they want an outcome, suggest an action you think they will take.College is hard work, but it is also a great learning experience. Writing a persuasive essay can benefit you in a variety of ways. Whether your audience is a college student or a n employer, it is important to ensure that you present yourself well. By keeping these tips in mind, you can make the most of your time and continue to excel in your writing.Your persuasive essay will help you land that job. Now that you know how to write a persuasive essay, get started by practicing your skills.

An oral history of the zombie war Essay

Despite the fact that maybe not as â€Å"academic† as different sources in this book index, the oral history of the zombie war is a significant side note to the entire type. In Brooks’ book, there are a few minutes, while relating the fights with the zombies, where they are told from the perspective of the emancipators. Truth be told, in his story, he comes up with the expression â€Å"LAMOE† which stands â€Å"Last men on earth†. These people, much like the character played by Will Smith, had been deserted, the contaminated zones to battle for themselves. Regularly, as the story is told, these individuals deserted, were distraught to be â€Å"liberated†, as they had molded themselves to the confinement of being, and accepting they were the keep going â€Å"people† on earth. In this sense, the film adaptation and by chance the book, manage these ideas from the perspective of the confined; in any case, imagine a scenario in which they were to be told from the perspective of the deliverers. Campbell, Joseph. â€Å"The Hero with a Thousand Faces† Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1949. Joseph Campbell’s book, is a diagram of legends and the veils our saints wear. Both in the film rendition and the book form of I Am Legend, the Robert Neville character must experience different preliminaries; which, at last in the film variant, prompts his change from this plane of presence to another. (Fundamentally, by passing on) The primary preliminary, is basic disconnection, which Campbell expressly depicts as one of the most widely recognized path of folklore. Moreover, in the film, the fundamental character displays a specific presumption, which at last pivots on him. I. E the manner in which he had gotten the other zombie, the stunt sort to talk, was utilized against him later in the film. Giglioli, Palo Pier. Language and Social Context. New York: Penguin. 1972. It ought to be of note: the first book composed by Matheson, had a lead character who was white; though the film rendition give the lead character a role as dark. Putting aside the movies intrigue of Will Smith for a second, what were a portion of different purposes behind the difference in race? Could the film be taken as an analysis of the predicament of effective African-Americans, being segregated, however working urgently to support their companions, family and friend gathering? In the event that the film is seen in this light, one could most precisely contend that it is in reality a discourse on racial issues inside a specific racial gathering. Hellekson, Karen Ph. D. The substitute history (Refiguring Historical Time). Kent: Kent State University Press, 2001. All through her survey of the other history genera of narrating, Karen Hellekson, makes not of the capacity of the story being told. If one somehow happened to apply her equivalent technique for analysis to the film form of I AM Legend, we would find that it also is a substitute history. Clearly, fictions, the film I Am Legend, starts with the underlying out-break, because of the malignant growth battling drug. In spite of the fact that, this is told in a â€Å"present† account, the consideration, of these scenes are to make a fake history in the story’s course of events. Matheson, Richard. â€Å"I AM LEGEND† London: Orion Books, 1954. Normally, the film variant featuring Will Smith is profoundly disparate from the first book distributed in 1954. A case of one such disparity, is in the job of the fundamental character. In the first works, the fundamental character, was a previous Marine, while in the film rendition, he is a present Marine working with the CDC. Another dissimilarity, which really changes the idea of the title, is found at the closure of both the book and the film. In the film form, the primary character gets incredible, because of how he bites the dust; though the book rendition, Robert Neville, is amazing because of him being the last non-contaminated â€Å"human† or generally the keep going man on earth. Twain, Mark. â€Å"On the Damned Human Race† An assortment of Essays Edited by Janet Smith. 1962. A contention could be made that both the film and the first fiction, had been an analysis on the human condition, humankind. Twin’s mind and understanding into the social conditions apply apropos to both the film adaptation and the book. The reality Robert Neville willingly volunteers to â€Å"cure† the world is plainly against twian-ian. â€Å"it is the phantom, of bonehead solid chivalry† as Twain would state, about the lengths the character goes to free the universe of something, that it appears to gladly live with.

The Importance Of Ethics And How Ethics Produce Effective...

This paper analyzes the importance of personal ethics in leadership and how ethics produce effective leaders. The importance of understanding ethics, motivation to act as a role model and developing a plan of action for an organization are discussed because of their importance regarding development of good leadership. These key aspects suggest personal ethics positively affect leadership and when made a priority for leaders will produce ethical and effective leadership. With so many definitions of leadership, the question evolved from â€Å"what is the definition of leadership?† to â€Å"what is good leadership† (Ciulla, 2004, p. 13). To develop a system of values one must compile a list of the most important instrumental values and terminal values. These lists are unique to every individual because they are determined by personal importance. Instrumental values, such as honest, helpful, ambitious, responsible, etc. should reinforce terminal values. Once a leaderâ€℠¢s means are consistent with desired goals, their value system is unified and they have climbed the staircase from the lobby to the first level of values. The climb from the first floor to the second floor results in a person incorporating principles into their newly developed values. Although values act as the bedrock of ethics, principles are required because alone, â€Å"values are far too vague to have much meaning in ethical analysis† (Cooper, 1998, p. 12). Principles allow the fulfillment of values. They set conditions andShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of Leadership And How Ethics Produce Effective Leadership1224 Words   |  5 PagesI will examine the importance of personal ethics in leadership and how ethics produce effective leaders in organizations today. The importance of understanding ethics, motivation to act as a role model and developing a plan of action for an organization are discussed because of their importance regarding development of good leadership. These k ey points suggest personal ethics positively affect leadership and when made a priority for leaders will produce ethical and effective leadership. With so manyRead MoreThe Importance Of Ethics, Motivation, And A Role Model And Developing An Action Plan For An Organization1205 Words   |  5 Pages The importance of understanding ethics, motivation to act as a role model and developing an action plan for an organization are discussed because of their importance regarding development of good leadership. The personal ethics positively affect leadership and when made a priority for leaders will produce ethical and effective leadership to the organization. With so many definitions of leadership, the question evolved from â€Å"what is the definition of leadership?† to â€Å"what is good leadership† (CiullaRead MoreReasons For Trust Or Distrust Universities1647 Words   |  7 PagesSamin Saju (Sam) Eng Acad Discourse I 12 October 2015 Paper 2 Draft 2 Prof. Cusumano Reasons to Trust or Distrust Universities to Provide Effective Ethical Education All the college students are expected to know the principles of ethics and morals without a lecture. Students should not expect someone to teach them the ethics and morals at college, even though there are people who could help them. David A. Hoekema is the chair of the philosophy department and a philosophy professor at Calvin collegeRead MoreThe importance of ethics and values in business sustainability. Before explaining the importance1000 Words   |  4 Pages The importance of ethics and values in business sustainability. Before explaining the importance of ethics and values in business, we have to define the following: Ethics: The ability of an individual to distinguish their moral judgements about right and wrong. Values: These are the moral standards and principles that a person considers to be important. They work hand in hand with ethics. Sustainability: meeting the challenges of ensuring that future generations can enjoy the same kind of lifestylesRead MoreEthical Behavior Is Distinguishing And Performing One s Actions1490 Words   |  6 PagesEthical leadership encompasses two aspects. First, ethical leaders have to perform and make ethical judgments. Secondly, ethical leaders should direct fairly, through daily interactions with others, through the motivations of employees and team members, and through the way of which he/she leads his/her company, organization or projects. Keeping in mind, as a leader, that he/she is a role model. 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In the aftermath, we are faced with a realization of how fragile our economic system is and how much of it depends on values that are both difficult to measure and, in the current world, even more difficult to acquire. These are not mere economic values of profitability; but values of integrity, of truth, and of plain andRead MoreThe Religious Beliefs Of Organisations1438 Words   |  6 Pagescivilizations, yet when these moral principles are integrated with other devices used in Western society, it can create the most influential environment that thrives on work ethic and profitability. As such cultural beliefs are predominantly not a factor in countries such as Australia, many consider that a religious organisation is far more effective in its management practice. Despite this, it is the way in which these countries utilise religion in their workplace that makes it merely another device to inculcateRead MoreEthical Decision Making Ethical Decisions Essay1088 Words   |  5 Pag esAbstract Ethics is defined as the moral principles, values, and beliefs that a person uses to interpret a given situation and then decide the appropriate course of action based on these values (Jones). When we think about ethics, we usually think of honesty and doing the â€Å"right thing.† Ethics is an important facet in any business environment. When a company behaves ethically in communicating with its stakeholder, both internal and external, the organization gains trust and is able to build a strongRead MoreBeing a Good Leader1744 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction In today’s organizations there is a greater focus on employees stepping up to be leaders rather just managing their respective responsibilities. It is not enough to simply manage tasks and perform your delegated responsibilities any more employees are expected to take initiative and motivate those around them to also be leaders even if you are not a manager by title. In order to be a leader, one must start by making a commitment and learn those skills needed to model the way and be examples

The Concepts Of Sex And Gender - 1225 Words

The concepts of sex and gender define the majority of our behavior within society. The irony within this is that sex is not the same in gender. However, the way society pushes roles in gender, the difference between gender and sex is rarely noted. It isn’t just society, but the media as well that pushes for a differentiation of behaviors between the two sexes, resulting in overall social constraints as well as personal experiences that are defined by gender. The first thing is to distinguish between sex and gender. Sex is the biological characteristics that distinguishes males from females. This consists of primary characteristics of sex and secondary characteristics of sex. Primary sex characteristics consists of the penis and the vagina†¦show more content†¦Although factors such as sex do play a role in the behavior of an individual, more often than not, a misinterpretation of what a certain sex is supposed to do leads to the creation of the gender characteristic that is present in behavior of the different sexes. Gender roles relate to personal life in everything we do. For example, the places people will go to urinate or emptying their bowels is dictated by gender roles. One simply has to pay attention to the restroom scandals happening recently with the Transgender community. As of recently, various southern states have recently passed bills with regards to gender restrictions within each bathroom. This restricts transgende r people from using public bathrooms that matches their gender identity from using these bathrooms. Some bills stop at restricting with fines as where others criminalize it. These states include Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, Oklahoma, South Carolina, and Tennessee (Bendery and Signorile, 2016). Gender roles also dictate what the people who belong within the status quo binary more accepted genders that are masculine and feminine do. For example, within the work environment, men are paid much higher in wages than women are. According to Henslin (2014), as the pay scale increases every 10 dollars, the wage gap also increases between the men and the women

Essay about American Teenagers and Plastic Surgery

American Teenagers and Plastic Surgery Plastic surgery is not a new field of medicine. Traditionally, plastic surgery dealt with fixing abnormalities of the body, but recently people are enjoying the luxury of plastic surgery simply because they are not happy with their appearance. People make appointments with plastic surgeons for procedures such as rhinoplasty, liposuction, tummy tucks, face lifts, and most commonly breast augmentation. These people look forward to desired results from such procedures without considering the risks. Many risks accompany plastic surgery, but they are rarely discussed in the media. Death is even a possible conclusion of the surgery. Why would people subject themselves to such conditions as having†¦show more content†¦Television shows such as Nip Tuck (FX), The Swan (ABC), Extreme Makeover (NBC), Doctor 90210 (E), and I Want a Famous Face (MTV) influence teenagers to alter their appearance. Through watching these television shows young people are able to view common plastic su rgery procedures. These television shows that teens are viewing, however, lack an accurate depiction of what could go wrong in any given plastic surgery procedure. It is no question that peer pressure is a big issue when it comes to teenagers, but appearance can literally become an emotional issue. Teens simply follow the norm of society and ask their parents if they can get a nose job or even breast augmentation. It amazes me how many times I have heard people tell me that they got a boob job for their graduation gift from their parents. Why would parents permit their children to undergo the unnecessary risk of injury or even death? Not to mention the cost of plastic surgery is extremely expensive. Common procedures that teens undergo include: rhinoplasty, otoplasty, liposuction, face lifts, laser hair removal, botox injections, collagen injections, and of course breast augmentation. Rhinoplasty is the reshaping of the sculpture of the nose, and this procedure is the most customary among teenagers. Otoplasty is the reshaping of the sculpture of the ears. These procedures range from $3000 to $4000. Laser hair removal costs about $600. Collagen and botox injections, which get rid of theShow MoreRelatedTeenagers and the Plastic Surgery Epidemic Essay1090 Words   |  5 PagesToday, an overwhelming number of American teenagers choose to alter their body in order to fit the unrealistic standard of physical attractiveness created by our beauty-obsessed culture. Teens feel an immense amount of pressure to look â€Å"beautiful† from the media, peers and even parents. Teenagers are going to extreme lengths to reach this physical perfection, but when it comes down to it, jus t how far is too far? The numbers of teens going through with plastic surgery is startling and will continueRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Teens Under The Knife By Kaitlyn Ali And Tiffany Lam1351 Words   |  6 PagesIn the article entitled Teens Under the Knife written by Kaitlyn Ali and Tiffany Lam readers are informed on the possible risks that are exposed to teens who have cosmetic surgery. Ali and Lam state, There are many risks in plastic surgery, such as permanent numbness, infections, blood clots, and even death (par. 9). The developing bodies of teens are still changing which could lead to altering the effects or future displacement of the surgical procedure. The article states, Because teens Read MoreTeenagers Should Never Have Cosmetic Surgery Essay1555 Words   |  7 PagesTeenagers Should Never Have Cosmetic Surgery In 2012, over 236,000 teenagers from the ages of 13-19 years old, went under the syringe to have a cosmetic procedure done (Gilbert, Web). Teenagers should never be able to have cosmetic surgeries because of the harmful effects the procedures have. Teenage minds and bodies are not fully developed until they are in their early twenties. Therefore, doctors are unable to fully comprehend the risks these procedures will have on the teenagers, since theirRead MoreEffects Of Plastic Surgery Among Teenagers1467 Words   |  6 Pages Plastic Surgery amongst Teenagers is on the rise In the year 2015, where here in the United States following the lastest celebrities has become an influence on many teens across the Unites States, what I mean by influence is plastic surgery. You see it everywhere it s on TV, on billboards, on the radio and all over the magazines. It seems as if everything a well known celebrity does teens want to do also. And what celebrity has gottenRead MoreWhy The World Want Plastic Surgery1480 Words   |  6 Pagesa big nose. Bullying is not the only reason to get a plastic surgery but it is a big reason why people resort to such drastic measures. What problems specifically lead to plastic surgery? First, it is important to mention that plastic surgery has two branches. There is cosmetic surgery, people use it to improve there appearance while on the other side reconstructive surgery treats serious health issues. When you hear the words â€Å"plastic surgery† you thing about nose jobs, face lifting and breastRead MoreThe Age Of The Cosmetic Epidemic1042 Words   |  5 Pageswill go through whatever measures to be plastic just like her. An overwhelming amount of Americans teens are choosing to change their appearance to fit into a highly unrealistic and unattainable standard of beauty that was created and forced upon us by our physically obsessed culture. There is no doubt that teens feel an enormous pressure to look â€Å"beautiful† and feel obligated to do whatever necessary to reach â€Å"perfection.† Contrary to what many believe, American teens, like most teens around the worldRead MoreShould Teenagers Do Plastic Surgery?1128 Words   |  5 PagesXia oyan Gu Professor Perin English 294 11/17/2015 Should Teenagers Do Plastic Surgery? Have you noticed that some parents who are extremely young beauty pageant contestants contest that competitive can provide confidence for their children? Or students who are trying to show their individuality by negotiating abandoning uniform policy? Or, that some companies are more willing to hire a person when they are attractive? Nowadays, people are more focused on external beauty than inner beauty. SometimesRead MoreTeenagers and Cosmetic Surgery1573 Words   |  6 Pagesmany teenagers. As a result, teenagers from all around the world who are insecure concerning their appearances are more likely to have cosmetic surgery to blend in, to avoid peer harassments, and to stop further inner torments. Keep in mind that plastic surgery and cosmetic surgery are different even though both surgeries are used to fix someone’s physical body. Plastic surgery are used to mend looks that are ruined due to terrible accidents, and is pay by insurance, while cosmetic surgery are usedRead M orePlastic Surgery Operations For The Age1337 Words   |  6 Pages356 plastic surgery operations for the age group 13-19 in 2012 alone (Penningtons Manches) and surely the rate has increased in the past 4 years. Many people believe that it is up to the child to decide what they do to their bodies but those decisions can negatively affect their overall wellbeing. Understanding that there are certain exceptions, such as it being medically necessary, to this, teenagers under the age of 18 should not be allowed, even with parental consent, to get plastic surgery forRead MoreThe Development Of Cosmetic Surgery1556 Words   |  7 Pagesnot the only ones resulting to plastic surgery to maintain or enhance their appearance. Many people are riveted by the fact that at the age of fifteen years old, Jen Selter had plastic surgery because of her â€Å"large† nose (Victoria). Caitlin Clemons, age eighteen, had surgical breast augmentation in order to â€Å"fulfill† her self- est eem (Victoria). These cases are what have shifted natural beauty to the idea that reflection is everything. The development of cosmetic surgery has evolved from the need to

Event Management for Idea and Methodology †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theEvent Management for Idea and Methodology. Answer: Introduction Background Event management has become widely popular in different parts of the world due to its success as a marketing tool and in attracting large numbers of people. Event management consists of different aspects and the organisers have to take in consideration all these aspects to make an event successful. Since large numbers of people gather to enjoy an event, the experience of each and every person differs due to the cultural background, the preferences and other factors. Few factors in an event provide best experience and few gives worst experiences. Only experiencing an event is not enough but to provide a reflection over the event is essential. Reflection over an event helps in getting an overall idea of the event by other individuals who did not attend the event. Best experiences about an event encourage others to attend the event in future (Glow and Caust, 2010). Different factors work simultaneously behind attending an event by individuals. One of the factors is the motivation. Adela ide Fringe is such an event which has been attended by me recently. I have gathered huge experience from the event and in the present report a reflection has been presented. The present report will illustrate the details of the event and the marketing strategies of the event. Next the best experience and the worst experience from the event has also been described. Aim of the Report The main aim behind the report is to depict the experience gathered by me from the event Adelaide Fringe in Adelaide, South Australia. It will also help me to describe the purpose of attending the event and whether the purpose has been fulfilled or not. This will also help in taking decision whether to attend the event in the future or not by those people who were not present in the event. Description of the Event The name of the event is the Adelaide Fringe. This is considered to be the second largest festival in the world. This is mainly a festival of arts which is attended by large numbers of artists in every year. This event was first started in the year 1960 and it takes place every year on the month of February and March (Caust and Glow, 2011). The duration of the event is of 31 days. More than 5000 artists across the Australia take part in the event. In this Adelaide Fringe festival nearly 1100 events take place at different venues. In Adelaide Fringe festival large number of events such as the comedy show, cabaret, theatre, film and different interactive events take place. All these events are world class. More than 1.5 million participants visit the event every year and the present year is not an exception. These events have open access to all individuals and are an open platform to display their talent in front of large numbers of people. This provides an artistic platform to large n umbers of artists. Goals and Mission of Adelaide Fringe Adelaide Fringe has different goals and this festival has been able to fulfil the demand of people since long time and these are as follows: The primary goal of the event is to attract large number of talented artists to fulfil the satisfaction level of audiences. To attract as many visitors as possible at different venues To make audiences astonished and wow by the quality of event and enhance its discussion throughout the world (Allen et al., 2012). To make the financial base strong to improve the quality in the future. To get success in event organisaition and increase flexibility in the business. Marketing Strategies Marketing plays an important role in gaining popularity among people. The marketing techniques differ from one event to another. There are different marketing strategies which are adopted by event organisers and the success of the event depends on the selection of right kind of strategies. Since it is the primary objective of most of the event organisers is to attract maximum numbers of the customers in the event by adopting the most suitable marketing strategy (Lee et al., 2008). One of such festival is the Adelaide Fringe and it organises large numbers of events in the month of February and March. One of the most suitable marketing techniques is the marketing positioning, the market segmentation and targeting key markets. In case of the Adelaide Fringe festivals the main marketing strategy is the market positioning, segmentation and the targeting. In case of market positioning the main objective is to increase the popularity of these events among people. To achieve this, organisers take the help of rigorous advertisement at different places. The open platform which is one of the important features helps in attracting large numbers of visitors. The prices of events are also set in such a manner that people from different sections can attend in these events. Since, large numbers of events take place in the Adelaide Fringe, people from different age group can attend these events. The market segmentation is done on the basis of the demographic factors, the geographical factors and also behavioural factors. There were large numbers of cultural events, entertainments and rides for children. Therefore few events were suitable for children and others for people belonging to middle and elderly age group (Van d er Wagen, 2010). Finally event organisers also provided importance on targeting a section of people and this is essential for the setting event according to their preferences. Another marketing tool is the motivation and the motivational factor that works for visitor to attend the event is the environment that it provides to its visitors. People will surely gather some experiences those will be cherished by them to bring changes in their monotonous life. The atmosphere of the festival was favourable to attract large numbers of visitors from different parts of Adelaide. The facilities and convenience available at the event venues also acts as the motivational factor. Best Experience Visiting the Adelaide Fringe, I gathered different kinds of experiences which I am still cherishing. My best experience in the event is the opportunity to watch comedy show, which is very popular in this event. The name of the comedy show was Man of the Hour. The performer in the show was Merrick Watts who has gained large popularity in the recent years. I had the great desire to watch the show live. Before this event there were more than one opportunity to watch the show but unfortunately I could not attend. This time I did not want to lose the opportunity (Morgan, 2008). In this comedy show Merrick Watts made the show memorable for me. Therefore, this has become my best experience out of other experiences in the event. After the end of the event I was also fortunate enough to get the autograph. Nice arrangements were made by the event organisers. From the entry into the musical show to the exit from the show, all were organised perfectly. The seating arrangement, performance of mus ical band, the stage decoration and ambience, all made the event successful. Worst Experience I have also one worst experience and that has made me upset after getting out of the comedy show. The crowd was so huge that it was impossible to tackle them in an effective manner. The crowd management is one of the most important parts of event management. Though the organiser made enough arrangements for crowd management, but the crowd was beyond the expectation of the event organiser. This resulted in the crowd mismanagement. After the end of the show the rush was so high and the situation became so chaotic, that I lost my wallet. This made my whole plan disrupted. I could not enter in to other entertainment shows due to the lack of money. I also informed the customer care department, but I could not get my wallet back. This could be handled with the help of more numbers of volunteers and trained crowd control team. SWOT Analysis Analysing the internal and external environment in case of an event is imperative from the point of view of an event organiser. The environmental analysis helps in identifying various factors which help in improving the overall performance of the event (Jones, 2014). One of the tools is the SWOT analysis. It includes the Strengths, weakness, opportunity and threats in relation to the event. The SWOT analysis has been done below: Strengths: Popularity: The main strength of the event is its popularity among large numbers of people in Adelaide and also across the world. Popularity of any event helps in attracting huge gathering without taking the help of less marketing strategies. Number of Events: Large numbers of events take place in Adelaide Fringe and it is an open platform to display the art of different artists. Huge Gathering: Large numbers of visitors from different parts of the Adelaide and other parts of the world attend these events (Cravens and Piercy, 2006). Festival time: The time of festival is also very conducive for attracting large number of visitors. The pleasant weather allows people to enjoy the event thoroughly. Weaknesses Venues: since these events take place at different parts of the Adelaide, therefore it is difficult to avail all events by people. Crowd Management: Due to huge gathering it sometimes becomes difficult to manage crowd at the event venue. This sometimes makes a negative impact on the mind set of people. Costly Events: Since few events are popular due the popularity of an artist, people from different section of the society cannot afford these events due to its high price. Opportunities New talents: Large numbers of new artists get the opportunity to display their talent in front of large section of people. This will also act as an opportunity for the event to increase its popularity Profit: These events help in gaining large profit due to the demand of these events by people from different parts of Adelaide. Sponsorship: Since large numbers of people gather at the event venue, therefore different entrepreneurs and organisations provide sponsorship to make people aware of their products. This acts a financial source to organise these events in an effective manner (Ghazinoory et al., 2007). Food Stalls: Varieties of food stalls attract people from different age group. These food stalls get the opportunity to promote their food products among people. This fulfils the purpose of both food vendors as well as the event organisers. Threats Competition: there are large numbers of other events which are organised by other event organisers in Adelaide and these acts as competitors for Adelaide Fringe. Transportation: It becomes difficult for people to attend the venue due to large distance from one event venue to another. Due to limited public transport system it becomes difficult to reach the event place for few sections of society (Pahl and Richter, 2007). In case of few expensive events the ticket price set by the event organisers are high enough to discourage people to attend these events and affects the competitiveness of the event. Recommendations My overall experience in the event was mixed. Organisers made large effort to make the ambience beautiful and charming. Due to few reasons I think the situation can be improved in the future. Few recommendations in this regards are as follows: The crowd management must be improved significantly. Since the crowd is increasing day by day, it is important to tackle them with the help of effective crowd control team. This will help in reducing the chaos due to the huge gathering at the event venue. The whole area must be under CCTV surveillance, so that any unwanted events can be handled easily. Though the comedy show gave me high level of satisfaction, but more numbers of shows have to be incorporated to attract customers from different age group and cultural background (Morgan, 2008). To improve the popularity of these events it is important to take the help of more rigorous advertisement and promotional strategies. Proper transportation system has to be arranged for those people who are coming from far away. This will also act as a motivational factor behind increasing the number of visitors in the event. Conclusion From the above report it can be concluded that the Adelaide Fringe is one of worldwide most popular event. It has gained popularity due to its few unique features. People not only from Adelaide but also from different parts of the world come to enjoy this festival season in Australia. I have also visited this event this year. On the basis of my own experience it can be said that various marketing strategies and motivational techniques work behind attracting visitors in any event. In case of Adelaide Fringe the most important marketing strategy was the market segmentation and target market. The show which I visited was a comedy show and it gave me mixed experience (Caust and Glow, 2011). The crowd was so large that it was beyond the capability of the crowd management team to handle any unwanted situation. This situation has to be improved immediately. Beside this the public transportation system also acts as a barrier for people coming from far distance. This issue also has to be addr essed. References Allen, J., O'toole, W., Harris, R., McDonnell, I. (2012).Festival and Special Event Management, Google eBook. John Wiley Sons. Caust, J., Glow, H. (2011). Festivals, Artists and Entrepreneurialism: The Role of the Adelaide Fringe Festival.International Journal of Event Management Research,6(2), 1-14. Cravens, D. W., Piercy, N. (2006).Strategic marketing(Vol. 7). New York: McGraw-Hill. Ghazinoory, S., Esmail Zadeh, A., Memariani, A. (2007). Fuzzy SWOT analysis.Journal of Intelligent Fuzzy Systems,18(1), 99-108. Glow, H., Caust, J. (2010).Valuing Participation: Artists and the Adelaide Fringe Festival(Doctoral dissertation, Common Ground). Jones, M. (2014).Sustainable event management: A practical guide. Routledge. Lee, Y., Lee, C., Lee, S. Babin, B. J 2008, Festivalscapes and patrons emotions, satisfaction and loyalty, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 61, No. 1, pp. 56-64 Morgan, M. (2008). What makes a good festival? Understanding the event experience.Event Management,12(2), 81-93. Pahl, N., Richter, A. (2007).SWOT analysis: Idea, methodology and a practical approach(pp. 3-4). Grin Verlag. Van der Wagen, L. (2010).Event management. Pearson Higher Education AU.

Plato Essays (602 words) - Platonism, Theory Of Forms,

Plato Plato's theory of knowledge is found in the Republic, particularly in his discussion of the image about the myth of the cave. Plato distinguishes between two levels of awareness: opinion and knowledge. The myth of the cave describes individuals chained deep within the recesses of a cave. Bound so that vision is restricted, they cannot see one another. The only thing visible is the wall of the cave upon which appear shadows cast by models or statues of animals and objects that are passed before a brightly burning fire. Breaking free, one of the individuals escapes from the cave into the light of day. With the aid of the sun, that person sees for the first time the real world and returns to the cave with the message that the only things they have seen are shadows and appearances and that the real world awaits them if they are willing to struggle free of their bonds. The shadowy environment of the cave symbolizes for Plato the physical world of appearances. Escape into the sun-filled setting outside the cave symbolizes the transition to the real world, the world of full and perfect being, the world of Forms, which is the proper object of knowledge. Plato established the Forms as arranged hierarchically; the supreme Form is the Form of the Good, which, like the sun in the myth of the cave. There is a sense in which the Form of the Good represents Plato's movement in the direction of an ultimate principle of explanation. Ultimately, the theory of Forms is intended to explain how one comes to know and also how things have come to be as they are. In philosophical language, Plato's theory of Forms is a theory of knowledge and a theory of being. The cave is the world The fetters are the imagination The shadows of ourselves are the passive states which we know by thinking. The learned in the cave are those who possess empirical forms of knowledge (who know how to make predictions, the doctors who know how to cure people by using empirical methods, those who know what is going on, etc.). Their knowledge is nothing but a shadow. Education, he says, is, according to the generally accepted view of it, nothing but the forcing of thoughts into the minds of children. For, says Plato, each person has within himself the ability to think. If one does not understand, this is because one is held by the chains. Whenever the soul is bound by the chains of suffering, pleasure, etc. it is unable to contemplate through its own intelligence the unchanging patterns of things. No doubt, there are mathematicians in the cave, but their attention is given to honors, rivalries, competition, etc. If anyone is not able to understand the unchanging patterns of things, that is not due to a lack of intelligence; it is due to a lack of moral stamina. In order to direct one's attention to the perfect patterns of things, one has to stop valuing things which are always changing and not eternal. One can look at the same world, which is before our eyes, either from the point of view of its relation to time, or from that of its relationship to eternity. Education means turning the soul in the direction in which it should look, of delivering the soul from the passions. Plato's morality is: Do not make the worst possible mistake of deceiving yourself. We know that we are acting correctly when the power of thinking is not hindered by what we are doing. To do only those things which one can think clearly, and not to do those things which force the mind to have unclear thoughts about what one is doing. That is the whole of Plato's morality.

Small Business in South Africa

Small Business in South Africa Introduction With the world population increasing at an alarming rate, the rates of unemployment are expected to increase and people will have to find alternatives to the formal employment by finding other means through which they can make a living.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Small Business in South Africa specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From all spheres of the world, it has been lately discovered that creation of small businesses is one of the way through which a country citizens can reduce their reliance on the nation and that small businesses play a very important role in the economic, political, and social development of a country. This sector however has been faced with many challenges on their establishments particularly in the developing countries such as in the Asian and African states. The small business faces quite a number of challenges from taxation issues to lack of funding and corruption. The obj ective of this study will be to analyze the challenges small businesses face in South Africa and recommend on the likely solutions to these challenges. The reason for choosing South Africa rather than Sudan is the fact that in South Africa small business enterprises are very important particularly to the majority of the low skilled population[1]. It is a fact that: â€Å"Small, medium and micro-enterprises (â€Å"SMMEs†) contribute 36.1% of the country’s gross domestic product (â€Å"GDP†) and employ 68.2% of the workforce in the private sector. In the agriculture, construction and retail sectors, SMMEs employ more than 80% of the total workforce. Over the last few years, the growth in employment by SMMEs has exceeded the growth in their contribution to GDP, highlighting the job creation potential of this sector of the economy†.[2] That is the reason why many refer small businesses as the development engine for most countries as they aid in economic growt h and job creation. In the last few years, they have been the sole means which has accelerated growth in rather poor economic conditions as most of them create employment and enhance poverty reduction[3]. Definition of Small Business It is a very difficult process of defining what a small business is because it all depends on the perspective you look at it. The few characteristics one may look when defining a small business include the potential market size, the management, the size of the employees and many other factors. Some people define a small business as a business having less than 20 employees[4], categorizing them as non employing businesses, micro businesses and other businesses.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Others define small businesses in terms of ownership and management characteristics. These classes of small businesses include the independent ow ned, close control by owners and partnerships. In consideration that this study is based on South Africa, we will use the country’s definition according to the National Business Act that a small business is a business with not more than 50 employees with the turn-over rates varying according to the sector. There is quite a big distinction in small businesses between service and manufacturing small businesses. The policy makers and business owners of small manufacturing businesses attribute old technologies and management strategies as some of the challenges they face on their way to growth while the service businesses are all about one’s attitude and adaptability of the business. In terms of size, the service industries are also known to be larger than the manufacturing businesses and their out put per worker is higher compared to the manufacturing businesses due to the simple fact that while manufacturing rely on physical capital service, businesses rely on human capi tal which can be increased or decreased according to the situation. Small services businesses are also not entitled to registration for taxation in contrast to the manufacturing businesses which have to register and pay taxes. For example, a small manufacturing business will require capital to buy the plant machinery while a service industry such as the hair salon requires the human effort only to earn the money. Another challenge lies on the differences in the costs of acquiring assets. It makes it more beneficial to start a small service business rather than a manufacturing one. According to the South African law â€Å"small business means a separate and distinct business entity, including co-operative enterprises and non-governmental organizations, managed by one owner or more, which including its branches or subsidiaries (if any) is predominantly carried on in any sector or sub sector of the economy†[5] And the amendment of the bill in 2003 classified small businesses und er the following categories (see appendix for the table)[6]. Overview of the Small Business Context Small businesses in South Africa do not contribute more to the GDP compared to other developing countries due to several challenges which include the high unemployment rate and inflation. Many studies show that the small business sector contributes 30 to 50 % of the country’s GDP. SEDA puts the figures at 42% as of year 2002, 46% as of 2004 and at 30% as of 2007.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Small Business in South Africa specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Aswani[7] estimates south Africa had 2.5 million enterprises as of 1999 with 45% of south Africans working in the sector which represented 4.8 million people and at that time the small businesses contributed about 50% of the GDP. With the poverty rates having risen from 15.5 % in 1995 to 30.5% in the year 2002, the small business contribution has since redu ced to the above said level. To the employment, the small business sector absorbed 57% as of 2002[8]. Constraining Issues As in any other sector in the economy, the small business sector faces quite a number of challenges as they try to improve and increase their contribution to the south African’s GDP. According to the SADE SMME (Small Medium and Micro Enterprises) development and support plan, the major factors hindering the growth of small businesses are: â€Å"Finance, structural demands, intensity of competition, cost of labour, labour legislation, managerial skills, and managerial style†[9]. These above constrains will be covered in this study as under infrastructure, corruption, inflation, lack of credit and the human resources. Corruption: (Legal – Political – Economic) The act of unfair or illegal influence in decision making process by use of power or wealth, for example, the act of giving or receiving a bribe in order to give service or an ille gal substance can be described as corruption. This vice occurs in every country in the world and in every level be it in the private or the public sector[10]. The giver and the receiver of the bribe are beneficially of the crime and thus both need to be punished by the existing laws. Instance of corruption have been reported in south Africa for example in places where crime rates are high, small business owners are reported having given policemen money in order to access their protection from the criminal activities[11]. Analysis:Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More If the small businesses are not protected from the criminals, they will continue losing their millions of investment but paying policemen in order to acquire their services (while that is the job they are assigned to do) amounts to corruption and losses to the already endangered small business enterprises. Implication: Corruption in South Africa is a major hindrance to the country’s small business sector and action need to be taken against corruption as it reduces the productivity capability of the small businesses. Inflation: (Economic) Small businesses are also vulnerable to the low inflation rates which increase the cost of doing business and leads to a probability of businesses making huge losses as a result of the decreased prices. In the year 2010 the country recorded a 3.2% as of September this is very risky for those doing business within[12]. Analysis: When inflation is at very low rates it reduces the chances of recovering the borrowed capital. For example, let†™s say you bought an item for 10 Rands and then next time the price falls to 5 Rands that means if the money was from a borrowed source you will have to find ways of sourcing for 5 Rands per item and this makes the banks to take higher precautions when giving out loans. Implication: Low inflation rates while they may be healthy for the population as a whole do not favour businesses in realizing their profitability due to the decreased prices of commodities. Infrastructure: (Technological – Economic) Despite the good infrastructure network in South Africa, a research based on Soweto youth entrepreneurs shows that infrastructure is a major barrier to the success of small businesses in that area. They cites examples of the city of Johannesburg making some efforts in tarring the roads and providing taxi facilities but the report also complains that the city is doing nothing to support business activities in Soweto. The report also indicates that improvements in the transport se ctor would allow more people to move easily within the Soweto area and this could enhance their business activities[13]. Analysis: If the infrastructure connecting major towns and rural areas such as Soweto could be improved, the small business sector could improve a lot as this would enhance cheaper movement and exchange of goods and services between the major and the minor players in the business sector. Implication: Poor infrastructure increases costs of conducting business in any place and thus to increase the contribution of small business sector in South Africa infrastructure need to be improved in all places. Lack of credit funding: (Economic) Commercial banks and other financial institutions are unable to fund small businesses due to internal capacity problems. Most of the small business owners requiring financial assistance from the finance and banking sectors are unable to provide the banks with adequate reliable information which can allow their evaluation on their credit worthiness. This makes the commercial banks in South Africa provide credit facilities to only those businesses which provide reliable information fulfilling the credit worthiness criterion. Offering loans to small business owners is also difficult in South Africa as most banks offer loans with high return rates and this increase the cost of borrowing in the country. Information from Investors Network indicates that on average when people present their business plans to financial institutions this is what happens: â€Å"60% are rejected after a 30 minute review 25% are rejected after a 3 hour appraisal 10% are rejected after a full day evaluation 3% are rejected following failed negotiations 2% succeed in raising funds Yes, read it again, only 2% of businesses seeking private equity are successful.†[14] Analysis: With the high costs of borrowing most of the South African small business owners are unable to source for extra capital that may be required to expand their business es and also the low probability of accessing loans in south Africa makes it hard for small businesses to succeed as in other countries. Implication: The small businesses in the country will continue to suffer unless legislations are enacted which can allow most of the small business entrepreneurs access loans without much scrutiny as far as there are collaterals to the loans. Human Resources: (Social Culture) There is the inability of small businesses to obtain well trained and qualified personnel as they are unable to provide comfortable and better pay working conditions and most of the time they offer wages which are way below the current market rates[15] . As a result, larger businesses remain way above small businesses. Most small businesses as we saw with the country’s guidelines are made of few employees thus higher chances of understaffing. The apartheid era employed an inferior education system and unfair patterns of population settlements. Thus, it has been evident t hat most of the South Africans of the African origin are inadequately skilled in any field they are participating in and this has been a major challenge as they start up and run their small businesses. Analysis: The low education among the South Africans of African origin is one of the major causes of the limitation of small business staffing particularly those owned by the blacks. Understaffing is also a major problem as most small business want to gain higher profits; the result is exhaustion and poor workmanship. Implication: As long as the small businesses are understaffed, their productivity will always remain low compared to the large business enterprises. Recommendations To improve the small businesses situation in South Africa, the small business owners need to access funds for their business activities. The government and the banking institutions need to agree on the requirements one has to fulfil when acquiring loans. To the question about infrastructure, the government sh ould ensure that the transport network is well established in all places whether in the major towns or in the ghettos so as to promote the growth of small businesses in the country. The challenge of inflation is more of a global issue but the central bank in the country should control its releasing and hold up of money so as to avoid high inflation or deflation rates on the country’s currency. Action Plan: To reduce inflation the government should design policies which enable its currency value to be at a stable position to avoid unexpected changes in prices. For the corruption part if the country authorities could ensure that every citizen is safe when doing business and that bribes are not given out in order to gain favours, small businesses will move miles ahead. Understaffing is brought about by the inability of small businesses to acquire enough capital to run the business and thus by enabling small business owners access loans at lower costs will enable them hire more w orking personnel. Conclusion The small business contribution to the country’s GDP is very low compared to other countries and thus for their contribution to be higher, challenges they face such as corruption, poor infrastructure, inflation and inadequacy in human resources need to be addressed and a good solution reached. Bibliography Anonymous. â€Å"Small business in Australia.† Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2009, abs.gov.au/ausstats/[emailprotected]/0/97452F3932F44031CA256C5B00027F19?OpenDocument . Aswani, Frank. â€Å"Barriers and facilitators to transitioning of small businesses (SMME’s) from the second to the first economy in South Africa: Gordon Institute of Business Science.† University of Pretoria, 2007, http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03182010-160845/unrestricted/dissertation.pdf . Centre for Development and Enterprise report. â€Å"Young Soweto entrepreneurs.† CDE, June 2007, cipe.org/regional/africa/pdf/CDEReportYoungSowet oEntrepreneurs.pdf . Foreign Investment Advisory Service of the World Bank Group. 2007. South Africa Investors Network. â€Å"Private Equity Financing for SMEs in South Africa.† Investors Network, Not Dated. investorsnetwork.co.za/component/idoblog/viewpost/105 . Minnaar. â€Å"BUSA Anticorruption Working Group.† Newsletter, 2008, busa.org.za/docs/BUSINESS%20ANTI-CORRUPTION%20NEWSLETTER.pdf . Molapo, Sekoala. â€Å"Financial sector support for small business development.† University of Johannesburg, 2007, http://ujdigispace.uj.ac.za:8080/dspace/bitstream/10210/620/1/Final%20Draft%203.pdf . National Small Business Act. Republic Of South Africa, 1996. National Small Business Amendment Bill. Republic of South Africa, 2003. Newham, Gareth. â€Å"Tackling police corruption in South Africa.† Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation, 2002, csvr.org.za/docs/policing/tacklingpolicecorruption.pdf . Okpara John Wynn, Pamela. â€Å"Determinants of Small Business Growth Constraints in a Sub-Saharan African Economy.† SAM Advanced Management Journal, 2007. Trading Economics. â€Å"South Africa inflation rate.† Tradingeconomics, 2010, tradingeconomics.com/Economics/Inflation-CPI.aspx?Symbol=ZAR . Xhariep SMME Development and Support Plan. Small Enterprise Development Agency, 2009. Footnotes Foreign Investment Advisory Service of the World Bank Group. 2007. South Africa Foreign Investment Advisory Service of the World Bank Group. 2007. South Africa p.15 John, Okpara., Pamela Wynn. â€Å"Determinants of Small Business Growth Constraints in a Sub-Saharan African Economy.† SAM Advanced Management Journal, 2007. Anonymous. â€Å"Small business in Australia.† Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2009, abs.gov.au/ausstats/[emailprotected]/0/97452F3932F44031CA256C5B00027F19?OpenDocument . National Small Business Act, 1996. clause XV National Small Business Amendment Bill, 2003 Frank, Aswani. â€Å"Barriers and facilit ators to transitioning of small businesses (SMME’s) from the second to the first economy in South Africa: Gordon Institute of Business Science.† University of Pretoria, 2007,http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03182010-160845/unrestricted/dissertation.pdf . Xhariep SMME Development and Support Plan. Small Enterprise Development Agency, 2009. Xhariep SMME Development and Support Plan. Small Enterprise Development Agency, 2009. p.14 Minnaar. â€Å"BUSA Anticorruption Working Group.† Newsletter, 2008, busa.org.za/docs/BUSINESS%20ANTI-CORRUPTION%20NEWSLETTER.pdf . Gareth, Newham. â€Å"Tackling police corruption in South Africa.† Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation, 2002, csvr.org.za/docs/policing/tacklingpolicecorruption.pdf . Trading Economics. â€Å"South Africa inflation rate.† Tradingeconomics, 2010, tradingeconomics.com/Economics/Inflation-CPI.aspx?Symbol=ZAR . Centre for Development and Enterprise report. â€Å"Young Sowet o entrepreneurs.† CDE, focus number 11 of June 2007, cipe.org/regional/africa/pdf/CDEReportYoungSowetoEntrepreneurs.pdf . Investors Network. â€Å"Private Equity Financing for SMEs in South Africa.† Investors Network, Not Dated. investorsnetwork.co.za/component/idoblog/viewpost/105 . Sekoala, Molapo. â€Å"Financial sector support for small business development.† University of Johannesburg, 2007, http://ujdigispace.uj.ac.za:8080/dspace/bitstream/10210/620/1/Final%20Draft%203.pdf .

Aquinas for Armchair Theologians by Timothy Renick Essay

Aquinas for Armchair Theologians by Timothy Renick - Essay Example If God is as powerful as we are led to believe, he should have the ability to eliminate Satan. However, saying that God cannot get rid of Satan brings into question a possible limitation of God’s power. Furthermore, if God is all good, he should want to terminate evil and injustice, and thus Satan. By continuing to allow Satan to wreak havoc on God’s marvelous creation, God’s goodness is being undermined. In an attempt to understand the presence of evil in the world, believers and skeptics alike are throwing God’s entire being into a circle of doubt and confusion. Aquinas steps in and tries to set the argument straight. Aquinas believes that God does not make evil; he is only capable of creating good. Evil is not a substance, a physical thing, but simply the removal of some of the good from a wholly good object. This still causes people to believe that God is the creator of evil. The Manichees believe that God is a co-creator with Satan; evil is a substanc e, and Satan is its source. Aquinas, as well as many others, refuse to accept this, as it puts Satan on the same level with God. Aquinas enforces the idea that evil is not created, but a subtraction of good. As an example, Renick turns to Adolf Hitler, claiming that, under Aquinas’s ideals, Hitler was wholly good, but a portion of this good was removed. He used his created talents for evil ends. God made good, but Hitler did evil. In the first chapter of Genesis, God made the world and â€Å"it was very good.† There are no exceptions to this. God created Satan to be completely good, though not perfect. When Satan rebelled against god, he did not become evil; his angelic abilities were still there and they were good, but he used these attributes for evil. Satan is good, yet his actions are evil. Nevertheless, we now must figure out who or what causes this removal of good. If God is the cause of the removal of good, that would make God responsible for the existence of ev il, which brings us back to the beginning of the argument. Aquinas’s perception of this part of the debate is that we, as imperfect human beings, must expect and accept that good has the ability to decay. God may be the cause of all the things that happen, but he is not morally responsible for the evil acts of human beings. The argument of God and evil turns into an argument of human beings having free choice. John Calvin and Martin Luther were under the impression that humans could not possibly have free choice, otherwise it would undermine God’s ability to be all-knowing. Calvin believed that everything we say and do is predestined by God. We have no choice but to do it, and therefore have no free will. Aquinas’s argument is more accepted by Christians, and some skeptics. Aquinas believed that if we lacked tree freedom and all is predestined by God, God could not be just. If humans have no free choice because everything is a product of God’s control, th e God punishes people for actions that are not their own. God would be unjust, which is a characteristic that goes completely against who God is. Aquinas pushes the concept that God is timeless to help further straighten out the argument. Humans may see what is behind them, and they may aware of what is ahead of them, but only to a certain point. God sees everything as it happens at once, but not before

Immigration Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Immigration - Assignment Example Firstly, it is untrue that Asian-Americans are new immigrants in United States. Just like the whites and black Americans, this community moved to U.S many years ago following the discovery of this new continent. The economic and political chances of America continent made the Asian community into this new land. In fact, by 1790 population counting the Asian-American community was part of the races known as one of the main races that had occupied the U.S soil since its beginning (Hoffel & shahid 2010p.7). It was this first racial census that brought into the light the racial equation in the socioeconomic and political domains. It is, therefore, misleading to point out that this community entered U.S recently1. Since the start of the racial census in 1790, there has been more evidence that point out that Asian-American, community is part of the primary citizens with similar population distribution with other communities (Hoefel & Shahid p. 18). The point that this community is rich and new immigrants is not true because the poverty index report of 2010 census portrayed Asian-American population as a community with rich and poor members. Just like Indians, Blacks, whites and any other community in the U.S they struggle in a competitive economic reality in commerce, energy and manufacturing enterprises. There is no community having rich members. The U.S socio-economic reality provides for equal opportunity for all. In addition, there are no known special incentives or subsidies given to this community that confers an advantage to them over the other members of the United States. The argument that this community has a similar origin is both untrue and misleading. While the Asian-American population may appear to share a lot in terms of social and religious beliefs, it is a fact that they origin is different. Firstly, it is important to understand what Asian population comprises of, first in 1860;

Classroom Scenarios Essay Example for Free

Classroom Scenarios Essay Mrs. Ross has her fourth grade students move their desks together into groups of 2 to do a group activity. She instructs them to pair with anyone they choose. Teresa raises her hand, â€Å"I don’t want to pair with Megan again because she doesn’t do any of the work. Can I have someone else? † Megan who is soft-spoken just looks down at the floor as the class waits for the teacher’s response. Mrs. Ross asks Teresa and Megan to come with her outside and instructs the class to carry on with the activity. 1. What level of mutual respect exists between students and the teacher in this scenario? How did mutual respect affect the classroom dynamics? How would you improve mutual respect in this classroom? A high level a mutual respect exists between students and the teacher in this scenario. Mrs. Ross had to trust the students at least a little bit in order for her to believe they could handle moving their desks around to do group work. Teresa showed respect for Mrs. Ross by raising her hand to properly voice her concern about her partner. Not only did she raise her hand, but she respected and trusted the teacher enough to feel safe expressing her feelings. Although soft-spoken, Megan could have found some way to negatively reply to what Teresa said. However, I believe she respected Mrs. Ross enough to know she could trust her to act in a fair and kind manner, so Megan waited quietly for her response. Mrs. Ross showed respect for the two girls when she asked them to come with her outside. She didn’t just ignore the issue or thoughtlessly assign another partner for Teresa. Mrs. Ross took the time to acknowledge their thoughts and feelings in private where she could assess the situation better without putting either of the girls on the spot. Finally, Mrs. Ross showed respect for the class when she trusted them to carry on with the activity while she stepped out of the class with Megan and Teresa. The class showed respect for Mrs. Ross by continuing to work while she steps outside the classroom for a moment. Mutual respect affected the whole classroom dynamic in a positive way. There was a feeling of cooperative learning. I am pleased with the high level of mutual respect shown in the classroom and find no need for improvement. 2. How well did the teacher handle herself in the scenario? What student-teacher interactions worked well and what did not work? How would you handle the situation? The teacher handled herself very well in this scenario. She could have chosen to react immediately to Teresa’s comment with disappointment and frustration, but instead she calmly asked the two girls to come with her outside. She even thought of the rest of the class and took the time to instruct them so they weren’t left hanging while she went out with Teresa and Megan. Teresa raised her hand, but did not wait to be called on before calling out to the teacher. It was good that she felt safe enough to express her concerns, but not good that she made Megan feel badly in front of the class. I hope, if I was a teacher given the same situation, that I would be able to handle myself in a similar manner. I would want Teresa to know in front of the class that she is to wait until she’s called on to speak, but discussing the rest of the details in front of the class would only put Megan even more in the spotlight and add to her discomfort. 3. What, if any, communication roadblocks are evident in this classroom? How could you remove the communication roadblocks? How would you communicate with the students to resolve this situation? I could not see any communication roadblocks in this classroom. It appears to me that the teacher communicated well with the students, and the students felt comfortable communicating with the teacher. To resolve this situation, I would remind Teresa specifically, as well as the class in general, to raise their hands and then wait to be called on before speaking. I would also ask my class to pay attention to all the instructions. The instructions Mrs. Ross gave told students they could choose their own partner. There was never a need for Teresa to comment on not wanting to be Megan’s partner as Mrs. Ross had already told students to pick their own partner. 4. What conflicts did you observe in this classroom? What conflict resolution methods could you use to resolve the conflicts in this classroom? Are there any peer mediation methods that you could use in this scenario? The conflict in the classroom was between Teresa and Megan. To resolve the conflict I would bring the two students together and have them work cooperatively on the issue with my guidance. I would want both students to feel free to speak their mind, feel listened to, and feel that they are an important part of the solution. I would want them to understand that they both need to be respectful, listen to each other, and try to understand the others’ point of view. As part of the process I would also expect them to work together to come to an agreement they both feel good about. I would not use peer mediation methods in a fourth grade class. 5. What changes would you make to help this classroom become more of a community? Why would developing this classroom into a community be important? I don’t see any changes I would make, but something I would talk to the class about to make the classroom become more of a community would be respect. I would plan a mini lesson on respect and how we treat others for another day. It would be important to help the class develop into a community because community members care about each other, look out for each other, and help each other when needed. I would want my class to work together cooperatively and build a positive learning environment where everyone would feel valued. Tenth Grade Classroom Scenario The bell has rung and Mr. Dunn’s tenth grade math class has settled into their seats. â€Å"Good morning! Let’s begin by having everyone pass their homework to the front of the class. † Tom walks into class 5 minutes late. Mr. Dunn asks, â€Å"Tom, do you have your homework? † Tom looks down at the floor when he answers, â€Å"No, I didn’t finish it. † Mr. Dunn asks, â€Å"Why not? You knew it was due today, right? † Tom just shrugs. Mr. Dunn asks the rest of the class, â€Å"Who else did not turn in their homework today? † Pamela did not do her homework, but is afraid to raise her hand. Mr. Dunn says, â€Å"Good job, class! I appreciate everyone who worked hard to get their work turned in on time. † Daniel chimes in, â€Å"Which is everyone except Tom! † The class laughs. Tom angrily gets out of his chair and storms out of the room as he says, â€Å"I’m sick of this stupid class. † 1.What level of mutual respect exists between students and the teacher in this scenario? How did mutual respect affect the classroom dynamics? How would you improve mutual respect in this classroom? There exists no mutual respect between the students and the teacher. Mr. Dunn’s only attempt at positive enforcement was telling the class â€Å"good job to those who did turn in their homework†. While this seems like praise to those who complied, those who didn’t are left feeling like failures. By Mr. Dunn singling Tom out and embarrassing him, he created a classroom of disrespect and the other students felt free to tease and laugh at Tom. Tom will now view Mr. Dunn as being indifferent if not an enemy and other students may fear if they do anything wrong they will be chastised and humiliated as well. We can see this playing out in the case of Pamela feeling afraid to admit she didn’t do her homework either. Students will not thrive in an environment where they do not feel comfortable and safe and where they risk public ridicule by their peers for not doing their work. To encourage mutual respect teachers should never single out a student in front of the class, but rather talk with him privately at a later time such as after class or when students are busy working. Before making any decisions about consequences for late work seek to understand the reason the student failed to follow through. Show concern and understanding when they are facing difficulties at home or otherwise. Use encouragement rather than negative words and discuss ways you can help them, such as creating a study plan. Make mutual respect a classroom rule that is enforced by consequences for violation. Never allow students to laugh at or embarrass another classmate or group of classmates. 2. How well did the teacher handle himself or herself in the scenario? What student–teacher interactions worked well and what did not work? How would you handle the situation? The teacher did not handle himself well in this situation. The student-teacher interactions were negative and the students were not willing to admit difficulties or problems to the teacher. None of the interactions described worked well. Tom left class because it was so negative. The teacher should handle this situation by having in place a policy for tardiness. The teacher should not waste time bringing attention to tardy students. Students should know what to do when they enter a classroom even if they are tardy. One way to handle tardiness – especially for older students like these ones is to have a required slip students must fill out when they are tardy explaining the reason. They should then have a place they put slips for the teacher to look at later. There should also be a policy for not having homework completed. If the teacher setup these policies at the beginning of the year he would not need to say anything when a student walks in late, the student would know what to do. The teacher put Tom on the spot by singling him out in front of his classmates, and then showed further disrespect by asking him why he didn’t do his homework. It is unnecessary to ask â€Å"you knew it was due today, right? † This statement doesn’t help the situation and is only demeaning to Tom. Most likely he knew the assignment was due and if he had forgotten he would have remembered as soon as Mr. Dunn asked for them. He should not dwell on something Tom cannot go back and remedy. The appropriate thing would be to talk to Tom privately and ask if he is having trouble remembering his assignments. He should show care and concern by offering to help Tom get organized and devise a way to remind himself to do the work. This teacher did not even take the time to find out why Tom had forgotten his homework. He may have had a very good reason in which case Mr. Dunn should consider allowing Tom to make it up. If Mr. Dunn had handled himself appropriately, Tom would not have been so upset as to get up and leave the classroom. Students should not be left feeling worthless and disrespected. 3. What, if any, communication roadblocks are evident in this classroom? How could you remove the communication roadblocks? How would you communicate with the students to resolve this situation? There were several communications roadblocks in place in this classroom. The biggest problem is that the teacher and students had no respect for each other. As stated before, if a teacher models respect for his students and sets in place policies for behavior and academics, his students have clear expectations and are more likely to respect one another. This saves teachers time having to deal with problems as they arise. After the rest of the class has received necessary instruction and direction, the teacher should talk privately with Tom about tardiness and missing homework. The teacher should take time to listen and allow Tom to maintain his dignity. 4. What conflicts did you observe in this classroom? What conflict resolution methods could you use to resolve the conflicts in this classroom? Are there any peer mediation methods that you could use in this scenario? The main conflicts in this classroom are created by the teacher. The teacher publicly humiliated a student in front of the class because he was late and did not turn in his homework. The teacher also created an environment where it is ok to belittle your classmates. To resolve the conflict the teacher should talk to Tom individually and apologize for the way he handled the situation. Mr. Dunn should let Tom see that teachers make mistakes too and that they should not be exempt from apologizing. He should address Tom’s homework including why Tom didn’t finish it and what plan they can come up with that would help Tom remember in the future. He should then talk with the entire class and admit his mistake, emphasizing the rules of mutual respect. He should remind the class it is inappropriate to make fun of or embarrass a fellow student. There is not any real need for peer mediation with the students if the teacher is more respectful the students will be also. 5. What changes would you make to help this classroom become more of a community? Why would developing this classroom into a community be important? The most effective way to create a community in the classroom is to set the tone the first day of class. Allow the students to get to know each other, have group activities and team work projects. Allow and teach students to respect individual differences and celebrate the multitude of talents and cultural practices among classmates. When students feel like they are part of a group they perform better in school, are supported by their peers to do well and do not miss as much school; learning in this environment can be enjoyable and fulfilling. Students should learn to help and encourage one another. Set specific rules that the whole class can decide on together. Ask students what they think a caring, respectful classroom looks like. Brainstorm class rules with them and have them vote on which ones they feel are the most important. Have the students sign their names to a pledge that they will abide by the rules and work together to make the class a nice place to be. Enforce consequences of violation of these rules with consistency. Never put students down or make them feel incompetent – especially in front of others. Listen to students’ needs and treat them with respect if that is what you expect from them. Emphasize promoting positive behaviors rather than fixing negative ones. Help students learn moral values and develop a good work ethic rather than doing things simply because they are told. Rather than punishing for poor behavior, look for ways to correct problems by discussing consequences and choices.

Reforestation :: essays research papers

Reforestation The purpose of this written report is to inform the reader about the concerns and facts involved with reforestation. Reforestation began in Ontario after World War II. What happened was, professional foresters were assigned to an area and became responsible for its well being. Under the Crown Timber Act, long term management was prepared. Then the many steps needed to rebuild a forest began. Included in this report will be information on the effects of cutting and replanting, such as Carbon Dioxide, and Global Warming. Following this will be methods for planning a forest, and how they are conveyed before planting in a forest begins. There are many reasons why forests are cut down. One is to benefit economically, with furniture and home building. But there is also another reason. Arguments say "the United States could help slow the atmospheric accumulation of carbon dioxide by replacing old-growth forests with faster-growing young trees". A new study of young and old forests says how this is in fact not true. Loggers have said that new trees pull the carbon dioxide better than old trees, and this may seem true, but it is not. There is one point being overlooked from all of this. The older, larger trees can store much, much more carbon dioxide than a new tree could. By cutting and burning these magnificent seasoned trees, the CO2 is being released back into the atmosphere. These releases of carbon dioxide add up in our surroundings, only to intensify Global Warming. Although this shows what happens when one burns and cuts down old forests, one must still plant new trees for long term plans, not letting them grow for a few years, to then cut them down. There are many methods for planning a forest. The simplest method of replanting a forest is to leave it to nature. A suitable seed bed in which trees will readily take root is integral for successful regeneration. Reducing competition by eliminating grass, weed or shrubs is another requirement in securing a new crop of trees. These will sprout to produce seedlings. Though the weeds were eliminated before, they still grow back, and because of this poor, quality trees will grow. Another method though, is to create a planned forest, where new conifers are grown from seed in a special nursery. Seeding is a reforestation technique used mainly in the Boreal forest area where fire or logging tends to leave no or very little seeds for growth. In specific cases, Ministry staff seed the area with treated tree seeds. Following this is the planting. In many

Home Depot Employee Benefits Essay

The first case is against an employee Gunderson working at JMI agency owned by Brown Corporation. It is filed by Brown on account of the defendant’s violation of the employee agreement by joining a competing company after working there continuously for seven months and soliciting and servicing Brown’s customers and disclosing confidential information. The summary judgment was made in favor of the defendant because an employment of seven months is not enough under Illinois law to support the limiting agreement. (Findlaw, 2008) The second case is against an employee Robert M. Bono working at Chicago Transit Board who was discharged from his job on account of misconduct by calling a customer while working though his job duties did not require calling any customers. The call was personal and social in nature involving a sexual joke. The court affirmed the decision of Chicago Transit Board as being reasonable and appropriate. (Findlaw, 2008) Issues:Â  The issue being discussed in the first case is the claim by the parent company of breach of contract by the employee. But since the employment period of Gunderson was only seven months so according to Illinois law no charges can be made against him In the second case, the issue discussed is of an employee misbehaving with a customer on telephone and making personal use of the phone though he is not allowed to do so. Therefore, he dismissed by the company. Implications for Home Depot:Â  At Home Depot, each employee should be clearly told of his/her duties and the consequences of not acting accordingly. Secondly, the employee contract at Home Depot should specify clearly all the terms and conditions specially the time period after which he can be accused of the violation of the contract. Conclusion: Through the analysis of the above cases, I learned that minor mistakes by an employee can result into big troubles and court procedures. Therefore, one should remain cautious every time while working on his job.

Reaction of the US stock market to the political elections - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2645 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? METHODOLOGY Secondary data – the data in this research was obtained from journals, articles, research papers and economic letters written by scholars, economist specialists and analysts both from US and other parts of the world as well all featuring the reaction of stock market towards the US political elections. Data was also obtained from CRSP US stock databases encompassing the data in monthly and quarterly basis. It includes historical indexes which serve as benchmarks for the investment community and as a foundation for this research paper. It contains index series that contains portfolios ranked in deciles. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Reaction of the US stock market to the political elections" essay for you Create order STUDY AREA AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION The study is to be carried by reviewing the secondary data sources such as data on economic letters, research papers, articles and journal with data collected by specialists, scholars and experts studying the United States Stock market and its returns. Notably, these analysts can be from US or other parts of America but must study the responsiveness of US markets to political elections. STUDY DESIGN This is political elections and stock market study making use of summarized descriptive statistics to determine the reaction of the US stock market to political reactions. Moreover, the study has made use of hypothesis. Some of these hypotheses include: H1: Available Information on election does not fully incorporate the stock prices. H2: the results of the stock market do not show any democratic or republican premium. H3: The generated abnormal returns and trading volume will be higher for some specific factors. The research will also make use of new political models and also the use interview with Professor Alesina on the question, â€Å"what progress has been made in regard to the development of the new political macroeconomics?† Additionally, we can gauge the reaction of stock market to political elections by gauging the reaction of stock market distribution to political elections using the volatility-event study approach. SAMPLE SIZE The study takes into use the reaction of stock market returns on quarterly basis in percentage from the year 1871 to 1997 and also from 2000 to 2012. SUBJECT The study features the responsiveness of the US stock market to various political elections and presidential heads. CONTROL VARIABLES The variables in this case are not control variables as they keep on changing. ECONOMETRIC MODEL AND EQUATIONS In the methodology chapter I will makes use of formulas, econometric models and equations in an attempt to calculate the relevant stock market returns as witnessed by different political elections. These equations will be of great importance once it comes to the analysis of data on stock returns as a result of different political wings. These formulas include calculation of returns using the formula: Abnormal Returns= Actual Returns minus Expected Returns. More of interest this formula will be used to calculate abnormal volume during the political election periods. Moreover, I will make use of the five factor model by Fama and French in the analysis of the stock market returns. This econometric model makes use of five factors (23) in its computation of market stock returns. These factors include company size, company price-to-book ratio, market risk, profitability and investment. Firstly, it is constructed using the 6 value-weight portfolios formed depending on size and book-to-book-market. Secondary, the 6 value-weight portfolios formed on size and operating profitability, and thirdly the 6 value-weight portfolios formed on size and investment. Particularly, the five-factor model improves the explanatory power of the returns of stocks. Therefore, to use the five factor model one has to take keen note on the following formulas and terms. SMB (Small minus Big) is the average return on the nine small stock portfolios minus the average return on the nine big stock portfolios, SMB (B/M) =  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1/3 (Small Value + Small Neutral + Small Growth) 1/3 (Big Value + Big Neutral + Big Growth). SMB (OP) =1/3 (Small Robust + Small Neutral + Small Weak) 1/3 (Big Robust + Big Neutral + Big Weak). SMB (INV) = 1/3 (Small Conservative + Small Neutral + Small Aggressive) 1/3 (Big Conservative + Big Neutral + Big Aggressive). SMB =1/3 (SMB(B/M) + SMB(OP) + SMB(INV) ). HML (High minus Low) is the average return on the two value portfolios minus the average return on the two growth portfolios, HML =1/2 (Small Value + Big Value) 1/2 (Small Growth + Big Growth). RMW (Robust minus Weak) is the average return on the two robust operating profitability portfolios minus the average return on the two weak operating profitability portfolios, RMW =1/2 (Small Robust + Big Robust) 1/2 (Small Weak + Big Weak). CMA (Conservative Minus Aggressive) is the average return on the two conservative investment portfolios minus the average return on the two aggressive investment portfolios, CMA =1/2 (Small Conservative + Big Conservative) 1/2 (Small Aggressive + Big Aggressive). Rm-Rf, the excess return on the market, value-weight return of all CRSP firms incorporated in the US and listed on the NYSE, AMEX, or NASDAQ that have a CRSP share code of 10 or 11 at the beginning of month t, good shares and price data at the beginning of t, and good return data for t minus the one-month Treasury bill rate (from Ibbotson Associates). Also, to test the impact or reaction of stock market as a result of political election can be assessed by use bootstrap methodology of Efron (1979). Similarly, taking into consideration the cumulative abnormal volatility during the election period and then comparing it with the empirical distribution of Cumulative Abnormal Volatility simulated under the null hypothesis could also work. Furthermore, the volatility of the stock market can be estimated by use of regression analysis. Besides, the plotting of a correlation graph could also help to establish the relationship between stock markets and political elections. If a graph of the political year is plotted against the stock market returns and the data scatters from lower left to upper right then we conclude that the two variables are positively correlated and the opposite is true. DATA COLLECTION The data below was collected from articles, journal and research papers written by different experts, political and business expertise as well as economists as it will be shown below in data provided in depth. DATA COLLECTION TOOLS The research study will use secondary data based on data collected by philosophers, business experts, and economists (the articles, journals and economic and research letters are analyzed). STUDY VARIABLES Independent variable Political elections Democratic or Republican presidents Dependent Variable The stock markets The annual Stock Returns INCLUSION CRITERIA The stock market returns of the United States America as a result of political election whether within or outside the country. EXCLUSION CRITERIA The reaction of other countries’ stock market returns as a result of US political elections. LIST OF DATA SOURCES This chapter includes all key areas where the data being studied on the reaction of US stock market in relevance to the political elections can be obtained, found or collected from.   Most of the data in this research paper has been obtained from CRSP US stock databases. A few other research papers have been used to support the data from CRSP US stock database. The CRSP database provides the following set of data of the quarterly returns from the year 1871 to 1997 according to the stock returns registered under the leadership of the different presidents who have been in power since 1871. Republican President Grant 71 72 Grant 73 – 76 Hayes 77    80 Gar/Art 81 84 Harrison 89 92 McKinley 97 00 McKin/RT 01 – 04 Roosevelt 05 – 08 Taft 09-09 – 12 Quarterly Returns (%) 12 -3 23 -1 8 19 12 12 8 Republican President Harding/Cool 21 – 24 Coolidge 25 28 Hoover 29 – 32 Eisenhower 53 -56 Eisenhower 57 -60 Nixon 69 72 Ford 73- 76 Reagan 81 – 84 Reagan 85 – 88 Annual Returns (%) 19 30 -22 24 12 8 5 11 20 Republican Presidents BUSH 89 – 92 Return% 19 Table1. Shows the Average quarterly analysis of the stock market returns from 1871 – 1997 when the Republican Presidents were in power. Graph1. Illustrates the quarterly stock market returns from 1871 – 1997 in percentage under the leadership of Republican Presidents. Democratic Presidents Cleveland 85-88 Cleveland 93-96 Wilson 13 16 Wilson 17 -20 Roosevelt 33-36 Roosevelt 37 -40 Roosevelt 41 -44 DR/Truman 45 -48 Truman 45 -48 Quarterly Stock Returns (%) 9 -3 8 1 34 -4 14 12 23 Democratic Presidents JFK/LBJ 61 – 64 Johnson 65 -68 Carter 77 80 Clinton 93 -96 Clinton 97 Quarterly Stock Returns (%) 15 10 13 17 34 Table 1.0 shows the quarterly stock market returns for democratic presidents for the year 1871-1997 in percentage.(Extracted from FRBSF Economic Letter). Graph 1.0 Illustrates the amount of stock market returns for democratic presidents as from 1871-1997. Also, according to Trevir Nath’s data as on March 1, 2016, data reveals that is a correlation on how the stock market behaves when a US president ascends to power after political elections. Notably, it is well known that the stock market has performed well under the Democratic candidatures. Particularly, The Dow Jones Industrial Average has shown that the average returns of the stock market when the US citizens elect a Democratic president is 82.7% as opposed to the 44.8% average returns which is realized under the election of a Republican leader. iii. Moreover, according to the researches carried by Yale Hirsch, in his journal The Presidential Election Cycle, he exemplified that the stock markets tended to be strongest at the third year of presidency (Krà ¤ussl et al 2014). More data still argues not dictate that the first year that averagely, the SP 500 realizes 17.5% gains in the third year of a president’s first term whereas in the second term it experiences a drastic drop down to 11.5% stock market returns. However this does not mean that year 3 is always the best. It is known that the stock market experiences some volatility in the first year after elections as the market is already trying to adapt to the new changes hence it reports minimal stock market returns. The returns gradually grow to its peak in the second year with the third year registering highest returns. In cases of run off of political elections the returns in the stock market tend to grow sideways as a lot of uncertainties arise. During the final year of an election cycle the average stock market returns fall to 6.1% during the last year of that elections term (http://www.nasdaq.com/article/how-presidential-elections-affect-the-stock-markets-cm586601#ixzz4i6D0wyss). Additionally, according to Presidential approval ratings in the end of each month provided by Gallup database and expressed in a quarterly basis argues that on regular basis, it is easy to try and figure out who is more likely to be elected as the president basing our argument on the 3 months returns of the SP 500 preceding an election. Moreover, if the incumbent president records an increase in index between July and October, then his likelihood of being reelected is high. Also, data based on the president’s approval rating indicate that overally only five presidents in the history of America have registered an equity rise of more than 50% during their terms in office. Of particular importance they include the recent Barack Obama and Bill Clinton. On the other hand Richard Nixon recorded the greatest drop-off of stock market returns in the presidency history of US as it was characterized by Great Depression and the Watergate scandal. Besides, we also use data from the book, â€Å"The Stock, Bonds, Bills, and Inflation Yearbook, 1998, by Ibbotson Associates.† We rely on the annual data collected from 1926-1997 on performance of the stock markets when different political heads have been in power. To make the data more realistic and exemplified we also connect it with some essential stock index data from Cowles Commission presented in Wilson and Jones (1987). Notably, both of the serial documentaries represent a larger view index of total stock returns for a portfolio of large stocks. Therefore, in the year 1926-1956 the index of large stock market returns is SP 90 whereas from 1957-1997 it records index returns of SP 500. Particularly, the period between 1871 and 1925 Cowles index realized the largest stocks in US market, with a sum of 48 in 1870 and rapidly rose to 258 in 1925. Moreover, the findings from FRBSF economic letter coincide with another set of data as reported by Siegel 1994 for the DJIA. From his data the average returns witnessed in the year 1948 and 1992 was 13.4% under the political wing of democrats while the Republicans registered average stock returns of 11.4%. Siegel went further to conclude that the stock market fared well when a democrat leader was in power as compared to when the Republicans were in power. Similarly, that was the case in both nominal and real values. He uses data collected on quarterly basis since viewing it on a broader view reported that the returns are not statistically different. vii. The new political macroeconomics – this sought of data provides the relationship between the political factors arising from a political election and macroeconomic concepts which are very vital in dealing with the stock market returns. It takes key note on the political factors that really affect the business cycles and during the process they end up interfering with the performance of US stock market. Beyond, they include factors such as conduct and implementation of stabilization policies, inflation, budget deficits among others.   (Alesina, 1987). viii. In general data on the reaction of stock market to the political elections from was extracted from voters by rational investors by use of methods such as polls, electoral debate, and synthesis of macroeconomic data. Moreover, according to Dana Anaspach (2016) the stock markets have always had a strong positive correlation with the political elections in The United States of America. The elections have consequently reported more positive impacts to the stock markets as compared to the negative impacts. This idea of Anaspach is later expounded by Marshall D. Nickles in his article known as Presidential Elections and Stock Market Cycles. Furthermore, his data continues to argue that for an investor to realize good stock market returns the best time to invest is on October 1st during the second year of the presidential term and sell on December 31st of the four year and this would attract profitable outcomes. Other specialists who join hands with Marshall on the idea are Junkans, C FA, and their Senior Investment Manager, James P. Estes, PhD, CFP(1) they exemplify   that the average stock   market return in the fourth year of a presidential term is twice that of the return in the first year of a president’s term. The stock market returns of the last recent 17 years are shown below. Table1.1 above Market Returns for the Recent Election Years Since 2000 Data Above is from Dimensional Funds Matrix Book. Stock market volatility around national elections, Jedrzej Bialkowski (2006). This research article gives the major factors that result to the volatility of the stock market as political elections approach. Moreover he tries to exemplify the key determinants of the volatility by constructing a comprehensive set of data variables. Consequently, these variables are meant to provide further insights into the political, institutional, and socio-economic factors which could influence the magnitude of election shocks. To be specific some of the key variables that are very essential include: The number of parties indicates the number of independent political parties involved in the government coalition for parliamentary systems. More specifically, it pays keen attention to the price list of the presidential systems. The parliamentary (dummy variable) – this variable takes into consideration the difference between parliamentary and presidential systems. The margin of victory is defined as the difference between the percentage of popular votes obtained by government coalition and opposition for parliamentary elections, and the corresponding difference between winner and runner-up for presidential races. Orientation (dummy variable) –it shows how responsive the political orientation of the government is. Early Election (dummy variable)- of particular interest elections that are called more than three months before the official end of the tenure of the incumbent administration attracts early high returns in the market hence slow volatilization. Compulsory Voting (dummy variable) it demonstrates some of the countries that have mandatory voting laws to ensure every interest of each citizen is taken care of. In summary, with emergence of well stabilized market forces and control over inflation, the rate of volatilization in stock markets can be overcome. With many specialists dealing timely with the major causal agents of volatility in the stock market returns (Bialkowski et al, 2008).